{"id":2850,"date":"2024-10-02T20:45:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T20:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/?p=2850"},"modified":"2025-06-11T17:37:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T17:37:11","slug":"projeto-de-silo-de-tremonha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/bulk-material-handling-insights\/hopper-silo-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o do projeto de tremonha e silo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

3 commonly flow problems \u201cRat-holing\u201d, Mechanical arching and Cohesive arching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problems That Are Frequently Encountered Involve:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Erratic flow<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Flooding<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u201cRat-holing\u201d & blockage <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Mechanical & cohesive arching<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Segregation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Degradation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Lack of storage capacity<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Flow Mass<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    In a Mass Flow<\/em><\/strong> silo, the walls are steep and smooth enough to ensure flow of all particles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Mass Flow Key Features<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u201cfirst in \u2013 first out\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. All storage capacity is \u201clive\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Minimize segregation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Hopper half angle [\u0398] is typically < 25\u00b0 (from vertical)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Even flow<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Core Flow<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      It occurs when the silo is not steep or  smooth enough to force the bulk material to slide along the walls. It also occurs when the outlet of the silo is not large enough or fully effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Core Flow Key Features<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u201cfirst in \u2013 last out\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u201cdead\u201d regions of product<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Exaggerates segregation effects on particles<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Hopper half angle [\u0398] is typically > 25\u00b0 (from vertical)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Erratic flow<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Core Flow Can<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        It can result in \u201crat-holing\u201d when sloughing off of material from the top does not occur, due to the cohesive strength of the material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u201cRat-Holing\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        It occurs when the central core has been discharged, whilst leaving the majority of the product supporting itself around the inside of the silo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Bulk Material Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u201cdesign a mass flow bin, hopper or silo\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Objective Of Bulk Material Analysis:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Determination of:
          <\/strong>\n
            \n
          • 1. Standard properties of bulk material\n
              \n
            • Density {packed & unpacked}<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Angle of repose {static & dynamic}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Critical values of moisture<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Wall friction angle [\u03c6x<\/sub> ]<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Angle of inner friction [\u03c6e<\/sub> ]<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Angle of slide [\u0398]<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Minimum silo outlet opening required for mass flow<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Considering various liner materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Considering time consolidation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Critical Moisture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Moisture Measurement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Bulk Material Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Shear Cell<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Ring Shear Cell<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Time Consolidation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Time Consolidation Bench<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              \n
              \n
              \n
              \n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

              Critical Dimensions For Mass Flow Bins<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Plan Asymmetrical Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Various Silo Designs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Theoretical Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              Bulk Materials that are very sensitive to compression and very sticky<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Design Without An \u201cUndercut\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              Bulk Material can build up in corners and compact at the floor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Easy Flow<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              Bulk Materials e.g. Mined Gypsum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Sticky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              Bulk Materials e.g. FGD Gypsum, Marl, Shale<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Very Sticky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Limits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. The analysis cannot be made with bulk materials having a high surface moisture like sewerage sludge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. The particle size for the analysis has to be smaller than 1 mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. So the real situation inside a large silo cannot be really simulated, but the results are very conservative.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                H\u00e1 tr\u00eas problemas de fluxo comuns: \u201cRat-holing\u201d, arqueamento mec\u00e2nico e arqueamento coesivo.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bulk-material-handling-insights"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wtwamericas.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}